Formation of gullies on Mars: link to recent climate history and insolation microenvironments implicate surface water flow origin.
نویسندگان
چکیده
Features seen in portions of a typical midlatitude Martian impact crater show that gully formation follows a geologically recent period of midlatitude glaciation. Geological evidence indicates that, in the relatively recent past, sufficient snow and ice accumulated on the pole-facing crater wall to cause glacial flow and filling of the crater floor with debris-covered glaciers. As glaciation waned, debris-covered glaciers ceased flowing, accumulation zones lost ice, and newly exposed wall alcoves continued as the location for limited snow/frost deposition, entrapment, and preservation. Analysis of the insolation geometry of this pole-facing crater wall, and similar occurrences in other craters at these latitudes on Mars, shows that they are uniquely favored for accumulation of snow and ice, and a relatively more rapid exposure to warmer summer temperatures. We show that, after the last glaciation, melting of residual snow and ice in alcoves could have formed the fluvial channels and sedimentary fans of the gullies. Recent modeling shows that top-down melting can occur in these microenvironments under conditions similar to those currently observed on Mars, if small amounts of snow or frost accumulate in alcoves and channels. Accumulation and melting is even more favored in the somewhat wetter, relatively recent geological past of Mars, after the period of active glaciation.
منابع مشابه
Gully Formation on Mars: Testing the Snowpack Hypothesis from Analysis of Analogs in the Antarctic Dry Valleys
Introduction: Gullies, a class of unusually young features on Mars consisting of an alcove, a channel and a fan, were initially interpreted to have originated through processes related to the presence of liquid water, primarily through groundwater discharge [1,2]; the current metastability of liquid water on the surface of Mars generated a host of alternative explanations for the gullies [see s...
متن کاملFormation of Gulllies on Mars: Link to Recent Climate History Implicates Surface Water Flow Origin
متن کامل
The formation and evolution of youthful gullies on Mars: Gullies as the late-stage phase of Mars’ most recent ice age
0019-1035/$ see front matter Published by Elsevier doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2009.06.018 * Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (J.L. Dickson) Gullies are extremely young erosional/depositional systems on Mars that have been carved by an agent that was likely to have been comprised in part by liquid water [Malin, M.C., Edgett, K.S., 2000. Evidence for recent groundwater seepage a...
متن کاملGully Formation on Mars and Earth: the Transition from Glacial Activity to Gully Depositional Phases
Introduction: The discovery of gullies on Mars [1,2] resulted in a wide variety of proposed candidate mechanisms for formation but ensuing analyses have shown very strong latitude and orientation dependencies on their distributions [3-6]. These constraints have been interpreted to require: 1) a volatile on or near the surface as a source of liquid water, and 2) insolation and slope orientation ...
متن کاملGeologically recent gully–polygon relationships on Mars: Insights from the Antarctic Dry Valleys on the roles of permafrost, microclimates, and water sources for surface flow
a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t We describe the morphology and spatial relationships between composite-wedge polygons and Mars-like gullies (consisting of alcoves, channels, and fans) in the hyper-arid Antarctic Dry Valleys (ADV), as a basis for understanding possible origins for martian gullies that also occur in association with polygonally patterned ground. Gullies in the ADV arise in ...
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
دوره 105 36 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2008